Beauty - How to Succeed 2  

Monday, March 16, 2009

*Recent History*

Greek and Roman artists have provided the basis and also set the
standard by which male beauty in western civilization can be measured.

Accordingly, the ideal Roman male was defined as tall, muscular,
long-legged, with a full head of thick hair, a high and wide forehead
– a sign of intelligence – wide-set eyes, a strong brow-line, a
strong perfect nose and profile, a smaller mouth, and a strong jaw
line.

A combination of these characteristics would give rise to an
impressive and commanding look depicting an aura of handsome
masculinity.

The desirability of a beauty ideal may be a harbinger for racial
oppression. Accordingly, there is a well established notion in
American society that black features are less attractive or desirable
than white features. The perception that all that was black was
inherently ugly was highly damaging to the psyche of African
Americans, manifesting itself as internalised racism, in which members
of marginalised groups hold an oppressive view toward their own group,
or start to believe in negative stereotypes of themselves.

It was for this reason that the "black is beautiful" cultural
movement set out to dispute this idea. On the other hand, beauty
ideals may also act as a trigger in order to promote racial unity,
rather than disharmony.

Mixed race children, therefore, are sometimes perceived to be more
attractive than their parents. In this respect, it has been suggested
that their diverse genetic background may actually help them in the
future.

*Human Beauty*

The determination that a person is "beautiful", whether it relates
to an individual or in a collective sense, is often based on the
aspiration of inner beauty. Such an entity is associated with certain
psychological factors. These may include such diverse attributes as
personality, intelligence, grace, charm and elegance.

Another aspirational prerequisite is that of outer beauty.  This is
represented as a manifestation of such physical factors as health,
youthfulness, symmetry, averageness, and complexion.

A popular way to gauge the extent of outer beauty is by means of a
beauty competition, such as the Miss Universe. The level of audience
appreciation may be regarded as a measure of their definition of such
beauty.

Conversely, inner beauty is more difficult to quantify, even though
beauty competitions often claim to take this into consideration as
well during the final judging.

A useful measure of physical beauty is to be found in the concept of
averageness. It has been found that when pictures or photographs of
human faces are assembled together to form a composite image, such an
image moves progressively closer to the ideal image, and as such is
perceived as being more attractive.

Such an outcome was initially recorded in 1883, when the cousin of
Charles Darwin was using photographs to study the faces of vegetarians
and criminals in order to determine if each group of individuals could
be associated with specific facial characteristics. His work concluded
that that the combined images were more attractive than those of any
of the individual images.

Latter day researchers have replicated these experiments under more
controlled conditions and have found that the computer generated,
mathematical average of a series of faces scored higher than that of
the individual faces.

*Beauty – How To Succeed*

Peter Radford writes Articles with Websites on a wide range of
subjects. *Beauty* Articles cover History, Human, Society,
Mathematics, Philosophy. Website has many more.

View his *Website* at: beauty-how-to-succeed.com

View his *Blog* at: beauty-how-to-succeed.blogspot.com

_By: *peter radford*_

*About the Author:*

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